Light sources how to replace the classic light bulb
In December 2008, the European Union decided to end the sale of conventional light bulbs by 2012 - Directive 2005/32/EC of the European Parliament. This major decision is fully in line with Philips' strategy, which has long highlighted the need to switch to more energy-efficient lighting systems as a result of climate change.
On average, there are twenty to thirty conventional bulbs in the house - using one of the energy-saving compact fluorescent lamps, compact halogen bulbs, metal halide lamps or otheror other energy-efficient light sources, including products using light-emitting diodes, customers can create the ultimate in comfort and save significantly on lighting energy.
Let's now turn our attention to light sources that are designed as direct replacements for conventional incandescent lamps and their characteristics.
Let us first recall the two most important parameters of light sources:
Thecolour rendering index Ra - (CRI) is a rating of the fidelity of the colour impression produced by illumination from a source compared to what the colour impression would be in sunlight. The Ra value can range from 0 to 100. A value of Ra=0 means that no colours can be distinguished under this illumination. On the other hand, Ra=100 means that this is a light source that allows natural colour rendering - an incandescent bulb.
Chromaticity temperature - (also colour temperature or colour impression) characterises the spectrum of white light. Light of a certain colour temperature has the colour of thermal radiation emitted by a black body heated to that temperature. Colour temperature is measured in Kelvin.
Examples of chromaticity temperature:
1200°K - candle
2700°K - chromaticity temperature of a light bulb, sunrise and sunset
3000°K - warm white
4000 °K - cool white
6500 °K - standardized daylight
For fluorescent lamps (linear, compact), the colour rendering index and chromaticity temperature are part of the type designation. In the type designation, the first digit after the slash indicates the colour rendering index in tens of percent and the next two digits indicate the chromaticity temperature. Example: 18W/840 is a source with an input power of 18W, a colour rendering index of Ra = 80-89 and a chromaticity temperature of 4000K or cool white.
So what are the possibilities for instant replacements of conventional incandescent lamps?
Probably the most well-known option is compact fluorescent lamps, which are the same size as conventional incandescent lamps and come in many designs. There are thus several shapes to choose from (tubular, covered, twisted, candle, etc.), E27 or E14 thread, dimmable or non-dimmable, a wide range of wattages (from 5 to 33W) and different chromaticity temperatures (/827, /840 and /865 versions). In terms of the Philips portfolio, these compact fluorescent lamps are further subdivided into so-called spotřební a profesionální řadu, kde se profesionální řada charakterizuje rychlejším náběhem světelného toku na 100%, velmi malým poklesem světelného toku v průběhu životnosti zdroje, výlonger lifetime (up to 15000h) and the lifetime is not affected by frequent switching and thus allows application in places of frequent switching - corridors, toilets, etc. (The product lifetime of the consumer range is set to a defined number of hours of illumination per day and a limited number of switching on per day). Compared to a conventional incandescent lamp, compact fluorescent lamps have approximately 5 times less energy consumption at the same luminous flux and a significantly longer lifetime (up to 15 times) and, if necessary, there is the possibility to choose a colder light, e.g. 6500 K - standardised daylight. Thedimmable design of the compact fluorescent lamp is also worth mentioning here.
Another option for replacing conventional incandescent lamps is the use of so-called compact halogen lamps. These are halogen bulbs designed to operate at 230V, which are encapsulated in either a classic incandescentA55/A60 (frosted/clear) or NR63 reflector with an E27 socket or in a B35 (frosted/clear) candle housing with an E14 socket. The representatives of these compact halogen lamps are the MASTERClassic and EcoClassic30 series. Ideal areas of use are areas where standard incandescent bulbs are used but cannot be replaced by compact fluorescent bulbs (due to light colour, size, dimmability, speed of rise, atmosphere, etc.) or areas where compact fluorescent lamps are used but are not ideal in terms of ambient atmosphere, appearance and size. In the case of the MASTERClassic range - 20 and 30W wattages - this involves the use of a 12V halogen capsule together with an electronic transformer, which, thanks to EcoBoost technology, deliversThe BoBoost technology provides 50% savings (energy class B) and a 3x longer lifetime compared to a conventional bulb while maintaining the same luminous flux.
The EcoClassic30 range is a comprehensive range using a 230V halogen bulb (from 28W to 105W) with a 30% saving in electrical energy, offering a direct replacement for conventional incandescent bulbs in the range of 40 to 150W and twice the lifetime. The two aforementioned groups provide bright and sparkling white halogen light, ideal colour indexlight rendering (Ra=100), lower operating costs, instant start, dimmability, attractive design and perfect atmosphere.
And as a third technology that can replace conventional incandescent bulbs is the use of LED. One such representative is a product line using Rebel high-brightness LEDs, referred to as Philips Master LEDs - 7 W power consumption and 45000h lifetime. It is available in several versions (A55, NR63, GU10), cold and warm white chromaticity temperatures and two beam angles (25° and 40°). The source can be used as an alternative to conventional and halogen bulbs or compact fluorescent lamps, especially in continuous operation applications (lifetime 45000h). In addition, the diodes used do not emit any UV or IR radiation on the illuminated object, do not contain any hazardous substances and have an instant start with the possibility of using a sensor. If we compare the luminous flux, the MASTER LED 7W E27 230V A55 is equivalent to a classic A55 40W bulb.
With 1.8 billion conventional bulbs sold in Europe in 2007, the switch to energy efficient solutions will have a significant impact.
In addition to energy savings in the home, significant savings can also be achieved in office buildings, industrial premises, public lighting etc.
Switching to energy efficient lighting will have both economic and environmental benefits, significantly reducing energy consumption, carbon emissions, environmental costs and improving the lives of consumers. MASTER PL-E Dimmable 20W/827 E27 professional series, whose integrated electronics are adapted to dim with commonly used dimmers to achieve further energy savings. Due to the 2700K chromaticity temperature (identical to incandescent lamps), this fluorescent lamp is ideal for use in the home.